Canada sees all-time high work permits take effect in 2022

23 Feb 2023

加拿大看到历史最高的工作许可将于 2022 年生效 在 TFWP 和 IMP 之间，加拿大移民打破了另一项记录，在一个日历年中迎来了有史以来最多的外国工人。 Canada sees all-time high work permits take effect in 2022 Between the TFWP and the IMP, Canadian immigration breaks another record by welcoming the highest-ever number of foreign workers in a calendar year.

2022 年，创纪录的 608,420 份加拿大工作许可证生效。 In 2022, a record 608,420 Canadian work permits took effect.

这比 2021 年多了近 200,000 个工作许可证，而 2021 年只有 414,000 个许可证生效。 This is close to 200,000 more work permits than in 2021, which saw only 414,000 permits come into effect.

工作许可是在加拿大的两大工作许可途径之间颁发的——国际流动计划 (IMP) 和临时外国工人计划 (TFWP)。 Work permits were issued between Canada’s two broad work permit pathways—the International Mobility Program (IMP) and the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP).

2022 年被欢迎进入加拿大的大部分工作许可证持有人 (77%) 都在 IMP 之下。到 2022 年，IMP 总共生效了 472,070 个工作许可证。 The bulk of work permits holders (77%) that were welcomed into Canada in 2022, were under the IMP. In total, 472,070 work permits came into effect under the IMP, in 2022.

相比之下，剩余四分之一的许可证 (136,350) 是根据 TFWP 向工人发放的。 Comparatively, the remaining quarter of permits (136,350) were issued to workers under the TFWP.

IMP 和 TFWP 都看到每年生效的许可证数量都有所增加。 2019 年，根据 IMP 有效的工作许可只有 303,545 张。在 2020 年因 COVI-19 大流行而略有下降后，IMP 下的许可证数量在 2021 年反弹至 310,660 个许可证。因此，自 2019 年以来，IMP 的有效工作许可证增加了 55% 以上。 Both the IMP and the TFWP have seen increases in the number of permits that have taken effect yearly. In 2019, there were only 303,545 work permits effective under the IMP. After a slight decrease due to the COVI-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of permits under the IMP rebounded to 310,660 permits in 2021. The IMP has therefore seen more than a 55% increase in effective work permits, since 2019.

根据 TFWP，2019 年只有 98,030 个工作许可有效。在 2020 年与 IMP 工作许可出现相同的下降后，这一数字在 2021 年反弹至 103,340 个有效许可。因此，自 2019 年以来，工作许可增加了 39%已根据 TFWP 生效。 Under the TFWP, only 98,030 work permits took effect in 2019. After seeing the same decrease in 2020 as IMP work permits, this number rebounded to 103,340 effective permits in 2021. Accordingly, since 2019, there has been a 39% increase in work permits that have come into effect under the TFWP.

什么是 TFWP 和 IMP？ What are the TFWP and the IMP?

TFWP 和 IMP 都向临时外国工人 (TFW) 颁发工作许可证，让他们在加拿大工作和生活。但是，应该注意这两种途径之间的重要差异。 Both the TFWP and the IMP issue work permits to temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to work and live in Canada. However, there are important differences between both pathways that should be noted.

TFWP 允许加拿大雇主向 TFW 签发工作许可证，作为应对加拿大真正劳动力短缺的一种方式。 TFWP 和 IMP 之间的最大区别是需要劳动力市场影响评估 (LMIA)，这是一份政府文件，用于评估雇用外国人对加拿大劳动力市场的影响。需要 LMIA 才能根据 TFWP 签发工作许可证。对于 LMIA，根据 TFWP 签发的工作许可通常是“特定于雇主/基于 LMIA”，而不是根据 IMP 签发的开放式工作许可。 The TFWP allows Canadian employers to issue work permits to TFWs, as a means of responding to genuine labour shortages in Canada. The biggest difference between the TFWP and the IMP is the need for an Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), a government document used to assess the impact of hiring a foreign national on the Canadian labour market. LMIAs are needed in order to issue a work permit under the TFWP. With an LMIA, work permits issued under the TFWP are generally “employer-specific/LMIA-based”, as opposed to the open work permits issued under the IMP.

相比之下，IMP 的存在是为了促进加拿大广泛的经济、社会和文化政策目标。根据 IMP 颁发的工作许可通常会考虑互惠（申请人所在国家/地区和加拿大之间）或雇用 TFW 带来的重大文化或经济利益。因此，IMP 包含全球人才流、加拿大国际经验和显着利益工作许可计划等计划。 In contrast, the IMP exists to promote Canada’s broad economic, social and cultural policy objectives. Work permits under the IMP are usually issued with consideration to reciprocity (between the applicant’s country and Canada) or the significant cultural or economic benefit that comes with hiring a TFW. Consequently, the IMP contains programs like the Global Talent Stream, International Experience Canada, and the Significant Benefit work permit program (among others).

如前所述，由于 IMP 的范围比 TFWP 更广泛，加拿大政府在根据 IMP 签发工作许可证时不采用 LMIA 系统；通常为申请人提供开放式工作许可。开放式工作许可证允许持有人在大多数行业和大多数雇主工作，而根据 TFWP 颁发的雇主特定许可证通常与该特定雇主和该行业的工作相关联。 As mentioned, because the IMP’s scope is broader than the TFWP, the Canadian government does not employ an LMIA system when issuing work permits under the IMP; usually providing applicants with open work permits. Open work permits allow holders to work in most industries and for most employers, whereas employer-specific permits issued under the TFWP are usually tied to work with that specific employer, and in that industry.

哪些 IMP 流看到最多的许可生效？ What IMP streams saw the most permits come into effect?

根据 IMP，以下流在 2022 年获得了最多的许可： Under the IMP, the following streams saw the most permits come into effect in 2022:

• 住院医师和研究员，以及研究生就业申请人——合计有效许可的 36%； Medical residents and fellows, and post-graduate employment applicants—36% of effective permits collectively;
• 慈善或宗教工作者——有效许可证的 29%； Charitable or religious workers—29% of effective permits;
• 其他 IMP 参与者——8%； Other IMP participants—8%;
• 技术工人的配偶——5%； Spouses of skilled workers—5%;
• 博士后和获奖者——4%； Post-doctoral PhD fellows and award recipients—4%;
• 公司内部调动—2%；和 Intra-company transfers—2%; and
• 加拿大国际经验 (IEC) 计划）—2%。 The International Experience Canada (IEC) program)—2%.

“其他 IMP 参与者”涵盖所有其他获得 IMP 工作许可但不计入设定项目流之一的申请人。 “Other IMP participants” covers all other applicants who received an IMP work permit, but did not count towards one of the set program streams.

此处应注意一些重要的政策变化。 IRCC 宣布降低对想要申请移民的医生的要求，同时改进对受过外国培训的医疗专业人员的认证措施。此举是为了应对加拿大各地医疗保健和社会援助工作者的巨大劳动力短缺（解释了他们在 IMP 许可证持有者中的普遍性）。 Some important policy changes should be noted here. IRCC has announced reduced requirements for physicians who want to apply for immigration while improving accreditation measures for foreign trained medical professionals. This move comes in response to huge labour shortages of health care and social assistance workers across Canada (explaining their prevalence among IMP permit holders).

此外，加拿大还允许一些技术工人的配偶申请开放式工作许可证，以解决普遍存在的劳动力短缺问题。出于同样的原因，IRCC 还宣布增加 IEC 的项目录取。 In addition, Canada has allowed spouses of some skilled workers to apply for open work permits in a bid to tackle prevalent labour shortages. IRCC also announced an increase in program intake for the IEC, for the same reason.

哪些 TFWP 流看到最多的许可生效？ What TFWP streams saw the most permits come into effect?

根据 TFWP，2022 年生效的工作许可明细如下。 Under the TFWP, the breakdown of work permits that came into effect in 2022 is as follows.

• 农业工人——有效许可证的 51%）； Agriculture workers—51% of effective permits);
• 其他拥有 LMIA 的临时外国工人——有效许可证的 46%； Other temporary foreign workers with an LMIA—46% of effective permits;
• 住家保姆——2%；和 Live-in caregivers—2%; and
• 看护人——0.2%。 Caregivers—0.2%.

“其他持有 LMIA 的临时外国工人”包括临时外国工人获得基于 LMIA 的工作许可证以继续在加拿大工作的所有其他职业。 “Other temporary foreign workers with an LMIA” encompasses all other professions for which a temporary foreign worker was issued an LMIA-based work permit to continue working in Canada.

值得注意的是，作为解决医疗保健和社会援助工作者劳动力短缺问题举措的一部分，加拿大已经改变政策以保留和安置看护人——包括将这些工人获得永久居留资格的工作经验要求减半。 Notably, Canada has made policy changes to retain and settle caregivers as part of the initiative to address labour shortages among health care and social assistance workers— including cutting the work experience requirement in half for permanent residence eligibility among these workers.

哪些省份在 2022 年拥有最多的工作许可持有人？ Which provinces had the greatest number of work permit holders in 2022?

在加拿大的 13 个省和地区中，根据 IMP 和 TFWP，以下省份在 2022 年获得的有效工作许可份额最大： Among Canada’s 13 provinces and territories, the following had the greatest share of effective work permits in 2022, under both the IMP and TFWP:

• 安大略省——221,280 个许可证； Ontario—221,280 permits;
• 不列颠哥伦比亚省——102,845 个许可证； British Columbia—102,845 permits;
• 魁北克——89,765 个许可证； Quebec—89,765 permits;
• 艾伯塔省——43,550 个许可证； Alberta—43,550 permits;
• 马尼托巴省——19,765 个许可证； Manitoba—19,765 permits;
• 新斯科舍省——12,645 个许可证； Nova Scotia—12,645 permits;
• 萨斯喀彻温省——10,550 个许可证； Saskatchewan—10,550 permits;
• 新不伦瑞克省——9,640 个许可证； New Brunswick—9,640 permits;
• 纽芬兰和拉布拉多——4,210 个许可证； Newfoundland and Labrador—4,210 permits;
• 爱德华王子岛——3,840 个许可证； Prince Edward Island—3,840 permits;
• 西北地区——260 个许可证；和 Northwest Territories—260 permits; and
• Nunavut——60 个许可证。 Nunavut—60 permits.

FCGvisa translated, © CIC News All Rights Reserved.